Matter-Properties and Changes

Pure Substances- A Pure substance is either a element or a compund that has only that compound or element. Pure substances have definite physical and chemical properties. A element example would be if you had just gold with no other element mixed with it.  A compoud

example would be salt. NaCl is all the same compound. If you add sugar with that you may not be able to see any difference,  as there both white crystals but there chemical make up is different. There for That would not be a pure substance. 

Matter- Matter is anything that takes up space or has mass. So that football that your quarterback throws for a touchdown is matter. A tray that carries your lunch is also matter. in fact the food that you eat is matter to.The book twilight is also matter. The roughdraft copy and all the ink it took to make is mass to.

States of Matter- The states of matter is liquid, solid, or gas. Liquid matter would be like water or soda. It does not always have to be wet like liquid mercury isn't. The molecules in a liquid are loosely together.Solid would be like your desk or a ice cube. Molecules in a solid are closer together. Gas would be like Helium or hydrogen or oygen.Molecules in a gas move around constantly. In order for matter to change there needs to be a physical force like heat, cold, and many more.    

Changes of Matter- It is important to note that matter can change form but that does not change its identity. Since water has all the forms I will be using that as my example. If water is in its liquid form it can do two things. It can either be heated up and turned into a gas that process is called evaporation. An example of that is when you leave some water out over night, and when you come back later the water is gone. It can also be frozen into a solid as ice, and that process is called solidifiction.When you make ice cubes for your drinks you are turning it into a solid.If starts in a solid as ice that also has two options. It can be turned into a liquid through melting.When your slushie turns into more of a flavored water it is melting.Ice can also be turned into a gas and that is called sublimation.Dry ice is a great example of sublimation. When water is a gas like steam or water vapors two things can also happen. It can turn into a liquid through condensation. That would be when you see water on the outside of a cold cup of water on a warm day. Or it can turn into a solid through deposition. When it hails outside that happens in a way.

Law of Conservation of Mass- Law of conservation and mass states that mass can be neither created nor destroy. People have tried in the past to make gold. Not harvest gold from the mines to actually produce it from other molecules. The reason this cant work is because all elements are different. They have different protons and nuetrons, and atomic numbers, size, shape,texture, and many other differences. The most they can do is find a metal and paint it gold.  

Mixtures- A mixture is when two or more substances are combined but not chemically combined. When we did that lab where we mixed the table salt( NaCl) with water (H2O) that was a mixture. If we would have somehow combined those two chemically it would not have been a mixture. Another example was when we burnt the magnesium strip, that was a mixture. When you put out the flame and the magnesium ash was in the water it was combined.

Elements- A element is a substance that cant be broken down or change into another substance by chemical means. It is made by the one atom. A hydrogen atom is a element. You can have as many hydrogen atoms as you want and as long as its exactly the same one it is still the same element. Water is not a element because it is a to elements together.

Compounds- A compound is two elements combined chemically to each other. When we mixed acid with table salt that was a compound. At the beginning of that experiment the acid was strong enough to burn your hand. When we first put the baking soda in it fizzed up alot, and chemically combined with the acetate. After a sufficient amount of baking soda it was no longer acid it was water. That made a mixture with the baking soda.

Law of Definite Proportions- The law of definite porportions state that a chemical compound always has the same porportion of the elements. So if I had a teaspoon of water it would have the same porpotion of Hydrogens and Oxygens as water in the olympic pool.

                                                                                                                                                            John Dalton 

Law of Multiple Proportions- Law of multiple porpotions state that compounds with different porpotions of the element gives us different compounds. These compounds may look very simalar but have different taste, smells, wieght, boiling temperature,or freezing. They only have to be slightly different in porportion to make a new compound.

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